Chinese Culture >> Chinese Society, Traditions
Buddhism
was introduced from India into China in 6th Century AD. One of the Han
Emperors sent a mission to the west of China and brought back the scriptures,
Indian monks and the images of Buddha. Since then Chinese translation was made
available and the further exchange of scholars among China, India and other
Asian countries brought about the rapid development of Buddhism in China.
Buddhist monasteries and temples were built to promote the Buddhism and some of
the Emperors were also the followers of Buddhism. Buddhism, just like
Confucianism and Taoism, guides people to behave, to be honest and responsible.
It promotes harmony and peaceful mind, sharing and compassion. Buddhists never
force people into their belief. Buddhism emphasizes in "awakening of mind".
Through learning, one will develop intellectual capacity to the fullest so as to
understand, to love and be kind to other beings.
It was not until the late fifth and early sixth centuries AC that
Buddhism
of a Mahāyāna (see Mahāyāna Buddhism) sort was able to weave itself fully into
the fabric of Chinese life. By then it had become a spiritual complement to
secular Confucianism and had provided the idea of Enlightenment to Daoism. In
time, the three schools of thought would be seen as a complementary unity. The
maturity and great age of Buddhism in China was the Tang Dynasty when emperors
spent their wealth to establish monasteries and sculptures in different Buddhist
caves. But this age was not free of persecution, especially by Confucian
oriented statesman that wanted to get rid of the foreign religion. Many people
converted and entered a monastery to escape military service and tax paying.
The transition of the foreign religion into a Chinese one was made easy
especially by the ideal of charity and compassion of Great Vehicle Buddhism.
Both terms are quite similar to the Confucian idea of filial piety and the
compassion of the ruler for his subjects. Other concepts of Buddhism are quite
contrary to Confucianism (suffering - enjoying; celibacy - family; mendicant
monks - productive farmers; monastic community - subordination under the state).
Buddhism refers collectively to the various schools of Buddhism that have
flourished in China since ancient times. These schools integrated the ideas of
Confucianism, Taoism and other indigenous philosophical systems so that what was
initially a foreign religion came to be a natural part of Chinese civilization
albeit with its own unique character.
Buddhism
has played an enormous role in
shaping the mindset of the Chinese people affecting as it has aesthetics,
politics, literature, philosophy and medicine.
Buddhism
does not believe in God. It believes in People. In Buddhist teaching,
there is no aggressive promotion of Buddhism or strong rejection of other
religions. All these make Buddhism fall into the same scope of Confucianism and
Taoist. Its ability to co-exist with any other religions makes it being
developed into one of the largest religions in China.
The first Buddhist parishes are found in China in the 1st century AD and focused
mainly on the suppression of passions by means of meditation, charity and
compassion. The monastery claiming to have been the first in China is the White
Horse Monastery (Baimasi) near Luoyang. Many similarities with Taoism made
Buddhism look like another sect of Huang-Lao-Taoism; both religions have no
sacrificial rites, believe both in immortality and operate with concentration,
meditation and abstinence.
Buddhist practices to lead one into the ultimate happiness in life and even
afterlife.
Buddhism
also promotes code of conduct in life. That is what they
call Five Precepts of avoiding killing, stealing, indulging, lying and alcohol
drinking. Buddhist teaching introduces the way and concepts of meditation,
rebirth, intellectual development and comparisons. It leads to
self-understanding, instead of blind believing.
In their world they believe that: "Giving up false speech he becomes a speaker
of truth, reliable, trustworthy, dependable, he does not deceive the world.
Giving up malicious speech he does not repeat there what he has heard here nor
does he repeat here what he has heard there in order to cause variance between
people. He reconciles those who are divided and brings closer together those who
are already friends. Harmony is his joy, harmony is his delight, harmony is his
love; it is the motive of his speech. Giving up harsh speech his speech is
blameless, pleasing to the ear, agreeable, going to the heart, urbane, like by
most. He speaks words worth being treasured up, seasonable, reasonable, well
defined and to the point."
The Buddhist concepts are accepted universally in China. Apart from the beliefs
of Buddhist and the monasteries, there are four famous Buddhist Mountains in
China: Putuo Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Emei Mountain, and Wutai Mountain.
About the Author
I am a sunny Chinese Girl,sinnyliaoyan, studying in Guangxi Normal University.I like travel, reading and writing. My email is: sinny_@126.com or sinny1012@live.cn. Get more information about China guide at www.visitourchina.com