Chinese Culture >> Chinese Handicrafts >> Chinese Kites
Chinese Kites
Chinese kites have been flying for thousands
of years, so it makes sense to present their history by the millennium! China's
literary tradition is vast, and the facts below are based on a number of
specific events that have been recorded in ancient Chinese texts.
1000 BC to 0 BC
The military used large wooden kites called muyuan, somewhere between 770 BC and
221 BC. This period actually contained 2 separate periods of Chinese history,
the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC) and the subsequent Warring States
Period (475-221 BC). Developed as military technology, the first Chinese kites
were invented in the province of Shandong.
There is a record of a certain master of joinery named Mu Zi who developed a
man-lifting kite over a period of 3 years. It was called the Wooden-Black-Eard-Kite.
At least one more kite of this design was made in later years, by other
craftsmen.
Further development of the Eard kites occurred during the Chu-Han War of 203-202
BC. Besides spying on enemy positions, kites were sometimes used to deliver
urgent messages.
1 AD to 1000 AD
The first century AD saw the rise of the prosperous Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD).
Around this time Chinese people from many walks of life discovered the simple
enjoyment of kite flying. Traditional bamboo and paper, or bamboo and silk
styles of kite had their origins way back here.
Even more designs and new ideas, such as the musical kite, emerged in later
centuries. There's a record of a palace worker in the 900s AD who fixed bamboo
pipes to a kite to make it 'sing' in the wind. Ever since then, the word for
kite in Chinese has been fengzheng.
The 900s were known for the introduction of silk-covered kites with beautiful
and detailed hand-painted designs. These kites also carried many ornate
accessories such as streamers and ribbons. So much went into these kites that
it's likely they were only made and used by the royalty and aristocracy of the
time.
1000 AD to 2000 AD
After 1000 AD Chinese kites became more popular in all levels of Chinese
society. If you couldn't afford silk, there was always paper! Kite flying
eventually became a seasonal activity. Most flying was done during and after
Chinese New Year and through to March or April. For some areas of China, there
were better winds for flying kites at these times.
Many Chinese believed that kite flying was good for your health! This was around
the time of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Other superstitious ideas were around
at this time too. For example, letting go of the kite string might get rid of
back luck or illness as the kite drifted away. On the other hand, picking up a
kite lost by someone else would bring bad luck!
By the late 1900s, China had a number of significant kite flying festivals where
a large variety of kites were on show. Everything from the small Chinese
butterfly to extremely large Chinese dragon kites. Notable kite makers would
show off their creations, just like at other kite festivals around the world.
Since 2000 AD
Some Chinese kite makers are getting more adventurous these days. In a similar
way to the Western kite scene, new innovative designs, 'art kites' and novelty
designs are appearing.
Yearly kite festivals are still popular, for example the World Kite Festival at
Weifang, in Shandong Province. Shandong? Yes, that's where the very first kites
that historians know about were constructed and flown.
To see Chinese kites purely as art, you can see a great collection at the
International Kite Museum, also in WeiFang. You can walk down the halls and
visually take in much of the history of Chinese kites.
About the Author:
Tim Parish and his family are rediscovering the joys of kite flying. They log their kiting fun on their My-Best-Kite.com website, and also research the kiting world. This site will introduce you to many kinds of kites and kite flying activities, including Chinese kites of course