Houston Community News >> Land Squeeze in America's Chinatowns
7/10/2007-- The empty lots, the
tangle of highways above and below ground, and the power plant may not look like
much. But everyone agrees it's prime real estate.
Residents of Chinatown next door see the 20 acres - called the "Chinatown
Gateway" on zoning maps - as their best chance to develop much-needed affordable
housing and alleviate a severe housing crunch.
But the city's redevelopment authority has dubbed the area "South Bay" and
envisions a new downtown district with upscale apartments, hotels, and offices.
This struggle in Boston is the latest in a land squeeze that is changing the
nature of Chinatowns across the United States. As America's downtowns become hip
again, urban real estate is becoming so valuable that ethnic enclaves find it
increasingly difficult to survive as the first stop for new immigrants, usually
with few skills and no English.
Once a fixture in most major US cities, many Chinatowns have ceased to exist as
magnets for new arrivals. San Diego's Chinatown is now a historic district. A
coalition in Phoenix is trying to save the last remaining Chinatown structure
from becoming a luxury apartment building. Four of the enclaves in the 10
largest cities - in Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Philadelphia - are now
commercial areas. Dallas, which never had a historic Chinatown, designated a
retail center as "Chinatown" in the 1980s. Other Chinatowns in Seattle, Detroit,
San Francisco, and Washington, D.C., are today primarily tourist spots.
"Because it's very valuable downtown real estate, [developers] would love to
dismantle the housing and just build hotels and office buildings," says Paul
Watanabe, director of the Institute for Asian-American Studies at the University
of Massachusetts at Boston.
New York's Chinatown is one of the last historic enclaves to remain a thriving
residential and commercial area, says Peter Kwong, coauthor of "Chinese America:
The Untold Story of America's Oldest New Community." But it's also feeling
squeezed.
Here in Boston, talks on developing the site could resume this fall. In theory,
the city and Chinatown agree they want to create a mixed-income neighborhood
with a park. But they'll have to do battle over the proportion of affordable
versus market-rate housing.
Chinatown activists want to see plenty of the former, along with businesses that
create jobs not just for corporate executives but also for working-class
immigrants. Already, gentrification has meant increased rents in the
neighborhood. More low-income residents are moving into increasingly cramped
apartments. Small businesses have buddied up on space.
To fight the squeeze, Chinatown-based groups have become more organized and
vocal. "It is probably the single most important development event that will
have the biggest impact on Chinatown's future," says Lydia Lowe, executive
director of the Chinese Progressive Association.
The city wants the new district to accommodate its low-income neighbors but also
attract high-end businesses and residents who generate revenue.
Height is another sticking point. For Chinatown, it means more traffic and less
sunlight. Developers like tall buildings because they can charge more for a view
from the 35th floor and have more space for subsidized units.
"We're looking for a truly mixed-use district," says Sue Kim, project manager
for the Boston Redevelopment Authority's South Bay Planning Study.
The primary owner of the land, the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority, is in debt
for its huge Big Dig project and would like to turn a profit.
Urban development will ultimately win out, and as part of that trend, Chinatown
will become a tourist destination, predicts Michael Liu, a research associate at
the Institute for Asian-American Studies at the University of Massachusetts at
Boston.
"The question is, who will this new Chinatown benefit?" asks Mr. Kwong, the
author. "Making Chinatown a tourist destination ... is not something to be
handled by the location population."
One sign of the times is a new Japanese-style restaurant on the northern border
of Chinatown. The wood decor is fresh, the music Western, the chopsticks cute,
and waitresses outfitted in kimono-like tops with black slacks and a polka-dot
bandana over their hair.
The style appeals to the non-Chinese clientele that increasingly surrounds the
neighborhood, says Judy Chow, a manager whose company owns the place.
"Chinatown is the best place to live when you first come," says Ms. Chow, who
came here as a new immigrant in 1984. But business is business. "There are a lot
of offices around here," she says. "We want to tap into that market."
(Contributed by Christian Science Monitor)